HIV factoid gems
In preparation for my EPI 530 class assignment, I discovered several interesting facts about HIV transmission. These interesting facts are from "Viral and Host Factos Affecting HIV-1 Transmission" by Julie Overbaugh. The below are rephrase of the facts mentioned in the article along with my conclusions based on my vague memory of genetics.
#1: It is difficult to create a vaccine for HIV and/or stop multiple drug resistant HIV virus from forming because of HIV reverse transcriptase which renders HIV high genetic variability, continual evolution, and adaptation to host's immune system and drug therapy. HIV reverse transcriptase (and maybe all microbial transcriptase) is highly inaccurate which when coupled with mass production of RNA to DNA leads to mutations left and right.
aside: I remember my genetic professor from undergrad telling us that our DNA transcriptase is quite precise compared to microbe's transcriptase. Ours make only 1 mistake in a million or billion DNA copy and hence we are not constant mutating like the microbes!
#2: Remember the news about a group of people in Europe who are "immune" to HIV transmission? You probably do and the next word that popped into your head is probably "bubonic plague." Yes, that news says something to the gest of, "descendents of survivors of bubonic plague are genetically "immune" to HIV transmission." However, the "real" or molecular reason is this, some individuals of European descent do not express (phenotype) cell-surface CCR5, which is one of the multiple-membrane-spanning chemokine receptor that is needed for HIV-1 entry into cells.
#1: It is difficult to create a vaccine for HIV and/or stop multiple drug resistant HIV virus from forming because of HIV reverse transcriptase which renders HIV high genetic variability, continual evolution, and adaptation to host's immune system and drug therapy. HIV reverse transcriptase (and maybe all microbial transcriptase) is highly inaccurate which when coupled with mass production of RNA to DNA leads to mutations left and right.
aside: I remember my genetic professor from undergrad telling us that our DNA transcriptase is quite precise compared to microbe's transcriptase. Ours make only 1 mistake in a million or billion DNA copy and hence we are not constant mutating like the microbes!
#2: Remember the news about a group of people in Europe who are "immune" to HIV transmission? You probably do and the next word that popped into your head is probably "bubonic plague." Yes, that news says something to the gest of, "descendents of survivors of bubonic plague are genetically "immune" to HIV transmission." However, the "real" or molecular reason is this, some individuals of European descent do not express (phenotype) cell-surface CCR5, which is one of the multiple-membrane-spanning chemokine receptor that is needed for HIV-1 entry into cells.
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